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英语诗歌里,秋天藏着怎样的诗意?

英语诗歌中关于“秋天”的诗歌非常丰富,因为秋天本身就是一个充满诗意的季节——它既有丰收的喜悦,也有凋零的伤感;既有绚烂的色彩,也有萧瑟的寒意。

下面我将为您介绍几首最经典、最广为人知的英语咏秋诗,并附上原文、中文翻译和简要赏析。

英语诗歌里,秋天藏着怎样的诗意?-图1
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约翰·济慈 - 《秋颂》

这是咏秋诗中当之无愧的巅峰之作,济慈用他华丽的笔触,将秋天描绘成一个与春天、夏天比肩,甚至更为丰盈、成熟、宁静的季节。

To Autumn

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel; to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, Until they think warm days will never cease, For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

谁曾不醉心于你丰饶的赐予? 雾气弥漫的季节,果实醇熟之秋, 你与日渐成熟的太阳密谋, 让绕着茅屋屋檐的藤蔓挂满硕果; 让葫芦膨胀,让榛子外壳变圆, 包裹着甜美的果仁;催开更多、更晚的花朵, 为蜜蜂绽放,直到它们暖洋洋的蜂房 盛满了蜜,以为夏日将永无尽头。

英语诗歌里,秋天藏着怎样的诗意?-图2
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Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store? Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor, Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind; Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep, Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers: And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep Steady thy laden head across a brook; Or by a cyder-press, with patient look, Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

谁不曾见过你身处丰饶的仓库? 有时,在野外寻觅的人会看见你 无忧无虑地坐在打谷场上, 你的秀发被风扬起,轻盈飘舞; 或在收割了一半的田埂上沉沉睡去, 被罂粟花的芬芳熏得昏昏欲睡,你的镰刀 不忍心割下旁边那一整片花丛: 有时,你又像拾穗者,步履沉稳, 顶着沉甸甸的脑袋跨过小溪; 或守在苹果榨汁机旁,耐心地凝望, 看着最后一滴汁液,一小时又一小时地流淌。

Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,— While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day, And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue; Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river sallows, borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies; And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn; Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft; And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

春日的歌谣呢?啊,它们在哪里? 别去想它们,你自有你的乐章—— 当流云染红这温柔逝去的白昼, 用玫瑰色的光晕点缀着收割后的平原; 成群的小蚊虫在柳树林中,如哀歌的合唱队, 在河边的柳树间哀鸣,忽上忽下, 随微风时而飘起,时而沉落; 长成的羊羔在山边咩咩叫得响亮; 篱蟋在歌唱;柔和的清音中, 知更鸟在庭院篱笆上吹起口哨; 而归来的燕子在天空呢喃。

【赏析】 这首诗打破了秋天萧条、衰败的传统印象,济慈将秋天人格化,描绘了三个经典的场景:

  1. 丰收之神:坐在谷仓上,与风共舞。
  2. 沉睡的农夫:在田埂上因罂粟花香而昏睡,不忍心再收割。
  3. 辛勤的拾穗者:安静、耐心地完成最后的收获。

诗的结尾,秋天并非一片死寂,而是充满了属于它自己的“音乐”——蚊虫的嗡鸣、羊羔的叫声、蟋蟀的歌唱、知更鸟的哨音和燕子的呢喃,整首诗色彩丰富、意象饱满,充满了对生命循环的赞美和对自然和谐的礼赞。


约翰·济慈 - 《夜莺颂》

虽然这首诗的主题是“逃离现实的痛苦”,但其开篇对夏日黄昏的描写,是英语文学中最美的秋日黄昏之一。

Ode to a Nightingale

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,— That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, In some melodious plot Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in full-throated ease.

我的心在痛,感到昏沉的麻木, 仿佛我饮下了毒芹,或一口鸦片, 刚才还向阴间之河的忘川下沉: 并非妒忌你的幸福,而是因你的幸福, 也让我感到无比欢欣—— 你这树丛中轻翼的树仙, 在一片绿色的山毛榉林里,在无边的树影中, 用饱满的喉咙,唱着夏日的歌谣,从容不迫。

【赏析】 虽然全诗的核心是诗人想借夜莺的歌声逃离人世的痛苦,但开篇这几句对夏日(或初秋)黄昏的描绘堪称绝唱。“绿色的山毛榉林”、“无边的树影”、“用饱满喉咙歌唱的夜莺”,共同构成了一幅宁静、优美而又略带忧伤的画面,这里的秋天(或夏末)不是丰收的,而是一种感官上的、与自然融为一体的沉醉状态。


罗伯特·弗罗斯特 - 《秋日漫步》

这首诗描绘了一幅典型的新英格兰秋日景象,语言质朴,意境深远,充满了对季节变迁和生命轮回的思考。

A Young Birch Tree

When I see birches bend to left and right Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy's been swinging them. But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay As ice-storms do. Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning After a rain. They click upon themselves As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel.

当我见白桦向左向右弯曲, 穿越笔直深色的树林, 总想有个男孩把它们荡来荡去。 但荡秋千不会把它们压弯成那样, 冰风暴才会,你一定常见过它们, 一个冬日晴朗的早晨,雨后, 挂满了冰,风起时,它们互相磕碰, 咔嗒作响,那碎裂的釉彩 变幻出斑斓的色彩。

You may see their trunks arching in the woods Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair Before them over their heads to dry in the sun. You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.They are dragged to the withered brim by the load.They are like girls on hands and knees that throw their hairBefore them over their heads to dry in the sun.You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.**

多年后,你还能见它们在林中弯着腰, 将叶子拖在地上, 像女孩们跪在地上,甩着长发, 在头顶晾晒太阳。 你会以为天穹的穹顶已然塌落。 它们被重负压向干涸的边缘。 它们像女孩们跪在地上,甩着长发, 在头顶晾晒太阳。 你会以为天穹的穹顶已然塌落。

【赏析】 弗罗斯特擅长用日常的、朴素的语言描绘深刻的哲理,这首诗通过描写被冰风暴压弯的白桦树,展现了自然的强大力量和生命在重压下的姿态,那些弯曲的树干被比作跪着晾晒长发的女孩,既美丽又脆弱,充满了想象力,诗中蕴含着对生命坚韧的赞美,以及对自然伟力的敬畏。


埃德娜·文森特·米莱 - 《秋日》

这首短小精悍的诗歌捕捉了秋天最典型的意象,语言凝练,情感内敛而深沉。

Autumn

O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit Beneath my shady roof; there thou may'st rest, And tune thy wilder notes to my soft lute; Fairer than Phoebe's sapphire-region'd star, Or Vesper, am'rous glow-worm of the sky; Fairer than these, though temple thou hast none, Nor altar heap'd with flowers; Nor virgin-choir, to make delicious moan Upon the midnight hours; No voice, no lute, no pipe, no incense sweet From censer swinging, or whose odor rare Celestial embalmment yields... All these to me were toys to please the sense, And toys are lost, and toys are found again; But I seek Thee, Autumn, in the gales of September, In the fragrance of the ripened fruit, In the smoke of the burning leaves, In the quiet of the falling rain.

哦,秋天,你满载果实,被葡萄的血液染红, 请别匆匆走过,在我的荫檐下歇息; 你可以在那里安顿, 将你野性的曲调,与我柔和的鲁特琴合奏; 你比福柏的宝蓝星域更美, 比黄昏的萤火虫更美; 比这些更美,尽管你没有神殿, 也没有堆满鲜花的祭坛; 也没有少女的合唱,在午夜时分 唱出甜蜜的哀歌; 没有声音,没有鲁特琴,没有笛,没有芬芳的香, 从摇摆的香炉升起,或那稀有的芬芳 天国的膏油所散发…… 所有于我,不过是愉悦感官的玩具, 玩具会失落,玩具会重现; 而我,在九月的微风中,在熟果的芬芳里, 在落叶的烟雾中,在静默的秋雨中,寻找你,秋天。

【赏析】 这首诗将秋天拟人化,邀请秋天“停留”,诗人认为,秋天虽然不像春天或夏天那样有明确的宗教或神话象征(如福柏、维纳斯),但它自身的存在——九月的微风、熟果的芬芳、落叶的烟雾、静默的秋雨——就是最真实、最深刻的“美”,这是一种超越了形式和装饰的、质朴而本真的美,体现了诗人对自然最纯粹的感受。


总结与延伸

这些诗歌展现了秋天在英语文学中的多重面貌:

  • 济慈的《秋颂》:丰饶、成熟、充满生命力。
  • 济慈的《夜莺颂》:沉醉、忧伤、与自然融为一体的感官世界。
  • 弗罗斯特的《秋日漫步》:质朴、坚韧、蕴含着自然哲理。
  • 米莱的《秋日》:内敛、深沉、追求本真的自然之美。

如果您对英语咏秋诗感兴趣,还可以去读读:

  • 威廉·华兹华斯 的许多诗歌,如《廷腾寺》中也充满了对秋日自然景色的描绘。
  • 艾米莉·狄金森 的诗,她笔下的秋天常常与死亡、永恒和灵魂的思考联系在一起,风格独特而神秘。
  • T.S. 艾略特 的《J. 阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》,开篇那句“Let us go then, you and I, / When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table”(那么我们走吧,你我,/正当黄昏铺展在天际/像一个麻醉在手术台上的病人),描绘了一个现代、疏离、缺乏生机的秋天景象,与古典咏秋诗形成了鲜明对比。
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